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The Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac

Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac cover Although not a true publication of HM Nautical Almanac Office, it does contain significant contributions made by staff of this office both past and present. This book provides an explanation of the astronomical principles and methods of computation used in The Astronomical Almanac. It describes the relevant terminology, notation and concepts of computational astronomy and provides rigorous definitions and formulae.

The revised third edition was published in Autumn 2012. Chapters were written by both former and current members of the United States Naval Observatory and HM Nautical Almanac Office as well as members of organisations such as the U.S. Geological Survey, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Lohrmann Observatory, the Observatoire de Paris and the University of London. The book has been edited by Sean Urban, Chief of the U.S. Nautical Almanac Office, and Dr. P. Kenneth Seidelmann, formerly of the United States Naval Observatory.

Status:

  • The latest edition is available from University Science Books.

    Published in the US: 2012
    13 character ISBN: 978-1-891389-85-6
    Pages: 734
    Retail price: $94.50

Index of HMNAO Technical Notes

This is a complete list of Technical Notes produced by HM Nautical Almanac Office. Those that contain the most useful information are indicated in bold. The first item of each entry gives the initials of the originator and the title of the document. The second item gives the date of release and the number of pages in the Note.

  1. Wilkins G.A. - Orbits of the satellites of Mars: 1965 / 9 pages
  2. Martin W.L. - Predictions for artificial satellites - Note 1: 1965 / 10 pages
  3. Nicholson W. - Zodiacal radio sources - List 4 (1965):1965 / 18 pages
  4. Sadler D.H. - A simple azimuth diagram: 1965 / 5 pages
  5. Taylor G.E. - The visual observation of occultations: 1966 / 7 pages
  6. Hobden D.E. - Computations for the Decca hyperbolic lattice system: 1966 / 12 pages
  7. Nicholson W. - A comparison of ephemeris and atomic times: 1966 / 14 pages
  8. Nicholson W. - The application of limb corrections to occultation observations: 1966 / 10 pages
  9. Wilkins G.A. - The introduction to "The NAO Handbook on the use of the 1909 Computer Systems": 1966 / 16 pages
  10. Wilkins G.A. - The determination of the mass and oblateness of Mars from the orbits of its satellites: 1966 / 12 pages
  11. Sadler D.H. - Interpolation in H.O. 299, Sight Reduction Tables for Marine Navigation: 1966 / 8 pages
  12. Scott W.A., Sadler D.H. - Corrections, for irradiation, to the observed altitude of the Sun: 1967 / 23 pages
  13. Wilkins G.A. - The analysis of the observations of the satellites of Mars: 1967 / 15 pages
  14. Martin A.J., Wilkins G.A. - The Library of HM Nautical Almanac Office: 1968 /10 pages
  15. Morrison L.V. - Zodiacal radio sources - List 5 (1968): 1968 / 21 pages
  16. Wilkins G.A. - The problems of the satellites of Mars: 1968 / 16 pages
  17. Wilkins G.A. - The uses of observations of the positions of the planets and natural satellites: 1969 / 15 pages
  18. Taylor G.E. - Predictions of grazing occultations: 1970 / 15 pages
  19. Morrison L.V. - Zodiacal Radio Sources - List 6 (1970): 1970 / 19 pages
  20. Morrison L.V., Martin R.J. - Digitised version of C.B. Watts' Charts of the marginal zone of the Moon: 1970 / 6 pages
  21. Emerson B., Wilkins G.A. - Narrative report of proceedings of IAU Colloquium No 9 (IAU System of Astronomical Constants): 1971 / 24 pages
  22. Morrison L.V. - The role of occultations in the improvement of the lunar ephemeris: 1971 / 10 pages
  23. Morrison L.V. - The secular accelerations of the Moon's orbital motion and the Earth's rotation: 1971 / 18 pages
  24. Morrison L.V. - Zodiacal radio sources - List 7 (1971): 1971 / 20 pages
  25. Wilkins G.A. - Review of current UK activities in Solar system mechanics: 1971 / 7 pages
  26. Sinclair A.T. - The representation of planetary ephemerides for use in the automatic reduction of navigational sights: 1971 / 10 pages
  27. Wilkins G.A. - Astronomical system of units, co-ordinates and time scales (Report to IAU Comm. 4): 1972 / 14 pages
  28. Morrison L.V., Biggin J.A. - Lunar occultations of the Crab Nebula in 1974-75: 1973 / 21 pages
  29. Taylor G.E. - The visual observation of occultations (supersedes No. 5): 1974 / 7 pages
  30. Morrison L.V. - Changes in the Earth's rotation from astronomical observations: 1974 / 16 pages
  31. Wilkins G.A. - The future publication of Astronomical Ephemerides: 1974 / 7 pages
  32. Wilkins G.A. - A review of the development and future use of Ephemeris Time: 1974 / 10 pages
  33. Wilkins G.A. - The provision of astronomical data: current trends and the relevance of CODATA: 1974 / 5 pages
  34. Taylor G.E. - Planetary occultations: A review of the methods of prediction, the results of astrometric analysis and the future prospects: 1974 / 23 pages
  35. Emerson B. - NAO Lists of stellar data with positions for equinox 1975.5: 1974 / 46 pages
  36. Sinclair A.T. - The Orbits of Tethys, Dione, Rhea and Titan: 1974 / 14 pages
  37. Sinclair A.T. - The tabulation of monthly sets of polynomial coefficients for astronomical data in The Star Almanac for Land Surveyors: 1975 / 7 pages
  38. Wilkins G.A. - Notes on the Washington (1974) meeting on Astronomical Constants and Ephemerides: 1975 / 18 pages
  39. Watson F.G. - The zenithal blind spot of a large altazimuth telescope: 1976 / 11 pages
  40. Morrison L.V. - The Movements of the Sun, Moon and Stars in the sky: 1976 / 12 pages
  41. Morrison L.V. - Catalogue of strong zodiacal radio sources List 8 (1976): 1976 / 20 pages
  42. Morrison L.V. - Lunar occultations of Sco X-1 1978-81: 1977 / 33 pages
  43. Morrison L.V. - Tidal deceleration of the Earth's rotation deduced from astronomical observations in the period AD1600 to present: 1977 / 8 pages
  44. Sinclair A.T. - Data for astro-navigation in 1978 for use with small calculators: 1977 / 18 pages
  45. Morrison L.V. - Rotation of the Earth 1860 - 1900: 1977 / 14 pages
  46. Yallop B.D. - Formulae for computing astronomical data with hand-held calculators:
    Section 1: General notes and formulae
    Section 2: The Sun:
    Section 3: The Moon:
    Section 4: Navigational Problems:
    Section 5: Navigational Supplement

    Sections 1-5 / 1978 / 63 pages
    Section 6: TI59 subroutines: 1978 / 9 pages
  47. Emerson B. - Approximate Solar co-ordinates: 1978 / 8 pages
  48. Emerson B. - Approximate Lunar co-ordinates: 1979 / 9 pages
  49. Morrison L.V. - Lunar Occultations of NGC 6440, 1980-1982: 1979 / 25 pages
  50. Morrison L.V. - Lunar Occultations of GX941 1980-82: 1979 / 25 pages
  51. Morrison L.V. - Recent results for the Moon's secular acceleration and their implication for the possible variation of G: 1979 / 9 pages
  52. Morrison L.V. - Lunar occultations of the Crab Nebula 1981-1983: 1980 / 22 pages
  53. Sinclair A.T. - The computation of physical ephemerides of planets and satellites: 1980 / 9 pages
  54. Yallop B.D. - Geocentric and heliocentric phenomena: 1981 / 12 pages
  55. Yallop B.D., Emerson B. - The phase correction for Venus: 1981 / 10 pages
  56. Emerson B. - Approximate coordinates of Jupiter and Saturn: 1981 / 12 pages
  57. Yallop B.D. - Ground illumination: 1981 / 7 pages
  58. Yallop B.D. - Formulae for determining Carrington's elements and differential Solar rotation: 1982 / 8 pages
  59. Sinclair A.T. - The effect of atmospheric refraction on laser ranging data: 1982 / 17 pages
  60. Yallop B.D. - A simple method of plotting position lines: 1982 / 7 pages
  61. Yallop B.D. - Methods for calculating the time of meridian passage from polynomial data: 1982 / 4 pages
  62. Yallop B.D., Hohenkerk C.Y. - Coefficients for calculating the GHA and DEC of stars: 1985 / 7 pages
  63. Hohenkerk C.Y., Sinclair A.T. - The computation of angular atmospheric refraction at large zenith angles: 1985 / 13 pages
  64. Yallop B.D. - Algorithms for calculating the dates of Easter: 1986 / 5 pages
  65. Hohenkerk C.Y. - Determination of polynomial coefficients from B-spline coefficients: 1986 / 9 pages
  66. Hohenkerk C.Y. - TOPPS: a system for printing tables: 1987 / 44 pages
  67. Yallop B.D., Hohenkerk C.Y. - Astronomical algorithms for use with micro-computers: 1989 / 8 pages
  68. Taylor D.B. - Compact ephemerides for differential tangent plane coordinates of planetary satellites: 1995 / 8 pages
  69. Yallop B.D. - A Method of Predicting the First Sighting of New Moon: 1997 / 14 pages
  70. Yallop B.D. - A simple algorithm to calculate times of sunrise and sunset: 1996 / 2 pages
  71. Hohenkerk C.Y. - Polynomial expressions for approximating Delta T: 1997 / 4 pages
  72. Taylor D.B. - Determination of starting conditions for ephemerides of the Uranian satellites I-V: 1998 (Updated in 2011) / 31 pages
  73. Taylor D.B., Sinclair A.T. - Approximate ephemerides and phenomena of natural satellites: 2003 / 11 pages
  74. Taylor D.B., Bell, S.A., Hilton, J.L., Sinclair, A.T. - Computation of the Quantities Describing the Lunar Librations in The Astronomical Almanac: 2010 / 16 pages
PLEASE NOTEA licence from the UK Hydrographic Office Intellectual Property department may be required for commercial use of these Technical Notes. Please follow the Copyright & Licensing link for more information.

Index of HMNAO Astronomical Information Sheets

This is a complete list of the Astronomical Information Sheets produced by HM Nautical Almanac Office. Please note that there is a supply charge and a licence required for some sheets, e.g. calendarial sheets for forthcoming years, while some sheets are now out of date. The initials of the originator and title of the information sheet are given first followed by the date of release and one or more revision dates where applicable.

  1. FMS - Solar Eclipse of 1972 July 10: 1972 June
  2. N/A - Total Eclipse of 1973 June 30: 1973 April
  3. GAE - Book List for Amateur Astronomers: 1982 March / 1986 February
  4. BE/GAW - Data on the Rotation and Revolution of the Sun and Planets: 1973 August
  5. GAW - The Basis of the Calendar for the Year 2000: 1974 September / 1990 July
  6. BDY/CYH/SAB - A note on the Prediction of the Dates of First Visibility of the New Crescent Moon: 1974 November / 2006 January
  7. BDY/CYH - A Note on Sunrise, Sunset and Twilight Times and on the Illumination Conditions during Twilight: 1974 November / March 1996
  8. GAW/GRB/GAG/JPH/CYH/BDY/SAB - Time-scales used in the United Kingdom from 1880 onwards: 1992 May / 2009 November
  9. BE - B-magnitudes of the 4 Principal Minor Planets 1974-1980: 1975 May
  10. GET - Planetary Alignments: 1975 October
  11. FGW/GAG - Sunrise and Sunset times near the date of the Equinoxes and Solstices: 1976 May / 1986 February
  12. GMA - Lunar Occultations of Minor Planets 1977: 1976 November
  13. AM - Astronomical and Calendarial Data Sheet for 1978: 1976 December
  14. AM - Astronomical and Calendarial Data Sheet for 1979: 1976 December
  15. AM/GRB - Holidays in the United Kingdom 1977-79: 1977 February
  16. LVM/BE/ATS - Approximate Formulae for the Geocentric Ecliptic Coordinates of the Sun and Moon: 1977 February / 1988 August
  17. AM/ALP - Astronomical and Calendarial Data Sheet for 1980: 1977 March
  18. GET - Planetary Occultations, 1978: 1977 March
  19. ATS - Polynomial Coefficients for Sun and Planets 1977: 1977 July
  20. ATS - Polynomial Coefficients for Sun and Planets 1978: 1977 July
  21. AM/GRB - Holidays in the United Kingdom 1978-80: 1977 March / 1977 October
  22. AM/ALP - Astronomical and Calendarial Data Sheet for 1980: 1977 March / 1977 October
  23. AM/ALJ - Astronomical and Calendarial Data Sheet for 1981: 1977 December / 1980 August
  24. CYH/ALJ/BH - Astronomical and Calendarial Data Sheet for 1982: 1978 April / 1980 August
  25. CYH/ALJ/BH - Astronomical and Calendarial Data Sheet for 1983: 1978 April / 1982 March
  26. CYH/GRB/BH - Holidays in the United Kingdom 1981-1983 : 1978 April: updated to read 1982-1983 : 1982 January / 1982 March
  27. GET - Planetary Occultations 1979: 1978 October
  28. BE - Transits of the Moon, 1980-1984: 1978 July
  29. BDY/CYH/GAE - Polynomial Coefficients for Astro-navigation, 1979: 1978 November
  30. BDY/CYH/GAE - Publications on Astronomy, Navigation and Mathematics Prepared by HM Nautical Almanac Office: 1978 November / 1996 May
  31. CYH - Notes on the Purchase of Current Publications on Astronomy, Navigation and Mathematics prepared by HM Nautical Almanac Office: 1978 November / 1996 November
  32. BDY/CYH/GAE - Polynomial Coefficients for Astro-navigation 1980: 1979 October
  33. BDY/CYH - The Solar Butterfly Diagram 1874-1976: 1979 November
  34. BDY - Zurich Sunspot Numbers: 1979 November / 1993 March
  35. CYH/GAE - Astronomical and Calendarial Data Sheet for 1984: 1980 February / 1983 September
  36. CYH/GAE - Astronomical and Calendarial Data Sheet for 1985: 1980 February / 1983 September
  37. CYH/GAE/GRB - Holidays in the United Kingdom 1984-1986: 1980 June / 1983 October
  38. CYH/GAE/GRB - Holidays in the United Kingdom 1987-1989: 1980 June / 1982 February
  39. CYH - Geocentric Rectangular Coordinates of the Sun, 1981: 1981 April
  40. CYH/GAE - Astronomical and Calendarial Data Sheet for 1986: 1982 January / 1984 December
  41. GAG - Eclipses visible in the United Kingdom 1983-2000: 1983 January
  42. GAG - Astronomical and Calendarial Data Sheet for 1987: 1984 January / 1985 March
  43. GAG/CYH - Astronomical and Calendarial Data Sheet for 1988: 1984 January / 1985 March
  44. GAG/CYH - Astronomical and Calendarial Data Sheet for 1989: 1984 October / 1984 December
  45. AFS/CYH - Astronomical and Calendarial Data Sheet for 1990: 1985 April / 1989 May
  46. GAG/GRB - Holidays in the United Kingdom 1990-1992: 1985 January
  47. JDHP - Broadcast Time Signals and GMT: 1985 April / 1990 July
  48. BDY/CYH - Closest approach of Polaris to the North Celestial Pole in AD2100: 1985 December
  49. GAG/AFS/CYH - Astronomical and Calendarial Data Sheet for 1991: 1986 April / 1989 May
  50. BDY - Earliest Sighting of the New Moon in 1987: 1987 January
  51. AFS/CYH - Astronomical and Calendarial Data Sheet for 1992: 1987 May / 1989 May
  52. BDY - First Sighting of New Moon in 1988: 1987 August
  53. AFS/CYH - Holidays in the United Kingdom 1993-1995: 1988 January
  54. AFS/CYH - Astronomical and Calendarial Data Sheet for 1993: 1988 May / 1993 March
  55. BDY - First Sighting of the New Moon in 1989: 1988 June
  56. BDY - First Sighting of the New Moon in 1990 and 1991: 1989 June
  57. AFS/CYH - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 1994: 1989 May / 1994 February
  58. BDY/CYH - Solar Location Diagram: 1989 August
  59. BDY/JPH - Eclipses visible in the United Kingdom 1990-2010: 1990 July
  60. BDY - The 21st Century and the Third Millennium: 1993 January
  61. JPH/CYH - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 1995: 1990 July / 1994 November
  62. BDY - First sighting of the New Moon in 1992 and 1993: 1991 March
  63. JPH/CYH - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 1996:1991 November / 1995 October
  64. JPH/CYH - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 1997:1992 September / 1996 October
  65. CYH - List of Astronomical Information Sheets Prepared by HM Nautical Almanac Office: 1993 March / 2011 March
  66. CYH - List of NAO Technical Notes: 1993 May / 2007 January
  67. BDY - Earliest Sighting of New Moon between 1994 January and 1996 April: 1993 June
  68. CYH/SAB - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 1998:1994 January / 1995 January
  69. CYH/BDY - Summary of the Bank Holiday Rules: N/A
  70. BDY - The Dates of Easter, 1990 - 2049: 1994 January
  71. BDY - Earliest Visibility of the New Crescent Moon, 1994-1998 for London, Leeds and Glasgow: 1994 February / 1994 May
  72. BDY - Earliest Visibility of the New Crescent Moon, 1994-1998 for Cities around the World: 1994 May / 1994 June
  73. BDY - Earliest Sighting of New Moon between 1996 and 2000: 1994 June
  74. CYH/SAB - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 1999:1995 January / 1998 January
  75. BDY - Earliest Visibility of the New Crescent Moon, 1996-2000 for Cities around the World: 1995 December / 1998 April
  76. BDY - Earliest Visibility of the New Crescent Moon, 1996-2000 for London, Leeds and Glasgow: 1994 December / 1998 April
  77. CYH/SAB - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 2000: 1996 January / 1999 June
  78. CYH/SAB - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 2001: 1996 November / 2000 August
  79. CYH/SAB - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 2002: 1998 January / 2000 November
  80. BDY/CYH/ADH - Earliest Sighting of New Moon 2001-2005: 1998 June
  81. BDY - Earliest Visibility of the New Crescent Moon, 2001-2005 for cities around the World: 1998 March / 1998 April
  82. BDY - Earliest Visibility of the New Crescent Moon, 2001-2005 for London, Leeds and Glasgow: 1998 March / 1998 April
  83. SAB - The Visibility of the 1999 August 11th Total Eclipse of the Sun from the British Isles: 1999 April
  84. CYH/SAB - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 2003: 2000 January / 2002 March
  85. CYH/SAB - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 2004:2000 January / 2002 March
  86. CYH/SAB - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 2005:2001 February / 2002 March
  87. CYH/SAB - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 2006:2002 November / 2005 March
  88. CYH/SAB - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 2007:2003 October / 2006 November
  89. CYH/SAB - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 2008: 2003 October / 2008 May
  90. CYH/SAB - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 2009: 2005 March / 2008 May
  91. CYH/SAB - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 2010: 2005 March / 2008 May
  92. CYH/SAB - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 2011: 2006 January / 2010 November
  93. SAB/CYH - Earliest Visibility of the New Crescent Moon, 2006-2010 for cities around the World: 2006 January
  94. SAB/CYH - Earliest Visibility of the New Crescent Moon, 2006-2010 for London, Leeds and Glasgow: 2006 January
  95. SAB/CYH - Earliest Sighting of the New Crescent Moon between 2006-2010: 2006 January
  96. CYH/SAB - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 2012: 2006 November / 2011 June
  97. CYH/SAB - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 2013: 2008 May / 2011 December
  98. CYH/SAB - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 2014: 2008 December
  99. CYH/SAB - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 2015: 2009 December
  100. CYH/JMW/SAB - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 2016: 2010 July
  101. SAB/CYH - Earliest Visibility of the New Crescent Moon, 2011-2015 for cities around the World: 2011 February
  102. SAB/CYH - Earliest Visibility of the New Crescent Moon, 2011-2015 for London, Leeds and Glasgow: 2011 February
  103. SAB/CYH - Earliest Sighting of the New Crescent Moon between 2011-2015: 2011 March
  104. CYH/JMW/SAB - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 2017: 2011 December
  105. CYH/SGN/SAB - Astronomical & Calendarial Data Sheet for 2018: 2012 December
PLEASE NOTECalendarial sheets for forthcoming years are subject to a supply charge of £25.00+VAT for each sheet. In addition, a licence from the UK Hydrographic Office Intellectual Property department is required for their use. Please follow the Copyright & Licensing link for more information.